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Stromatinia cepivora
''Stromatinia cepivora'' is a fungus in the division Ascomycota. It is the teleomorph of ''Sclerotium cepivorum'', the cause of white rot in onions, garlic, and leeks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Sclerotium cepivorum'' Berk. )〕 The infective sclerotia remain viable in the soil for many years and are stimulated to germinate by the presence of a susceptible crop.
==Biology==
''Sclerotium cepivorum'' is the asexual reproductive form of ''Stromatinia cepivora'' and is a plant pathogen, causing white rot in ''Allium'' species, particularly onions, leeks, and garlic. It is a soil-borne fungus and affects susceptible crops planted in infected soil. In the case of onions, the first symptoms of damage are wilting and yellowing of the foliage. The older leaves die first, followed by all the aerial parts of the plant. The scales of the bulb become watery and disintegrate. White mycelia appear at the base of the bulb, spreading over its surface and causing it to rot.〔 Black, globular sclerotia, 200-500 µm in diameter, appear on the fluffy white mould and sometimes larger, black sclerotic crusts also form. The sclerotia become detached and remain dormant in the soil for many years ready to infect a future ''Allium'' crop.
Sclerotinia germinate when in contact with chemicals emitted by the roots of ''Allium'' plants. They remain infective in the soil for 15 years or more. At low densities, clusters of affected plants develop as the infection spreads from plant to plant. At higher densities, the entire crop may be affected. Sclerotia can be spread to other fields by farm machinery, vehicles, boots, wind-borne onion husks, or flood water. Infection can occur when the soil temperature is in the range 50 to 75°F (10 to 24°C).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Onion and Garlic: White Rot )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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